肿瘤是由癌基因、抑癌基因、microRNA基因等的突变引起的。这些突变通常发生在个体本身，也有可能是遗传自上代个体。大多的研究表明，在癌细胞中基因突变是一个多步骤的、有次序的、涉及多个基因的复杂过程。不同的初始步骤、不同的发展进程、涉及的基因不同，对于肿瘤的诊断、治疗、预后也会产生相应的影响，因此对于癌基因的研究也要更为细致。此次特摘录了Oncogenes and Cancer相关文献，供大家参考。
Oncogenes and Cancer
ca-cell-Oncogenes and Cancer -addiction- setting the stage for molecularly targeted cancer therapy
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Gene Therapy Improves Sight of Four PatientsBy Jocelyn KaiserScienceNOW Daily News28 April In what eye researchers are hailing as a major advance, gene therapy has partially restored the sight of four young adults born with severe blindness. In two small studies, the patients' ability to sense light improved, and two can now read several lines of an eye chart. All are still legally blind, but the same treatment could potentially prevent this type of blindness in babies.The four patients have a disease called Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an inherited disorder affecting about 3000 Americans that begins at birth and leads to complete blindness by age 40. Researchers blame one form of the disease on a mutation in a gene called retinal pigment epithelium 65 (RPE65). The protein encoded by the gene helps ……
Small RNAs: The Inside Track
How to deliver short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to specific tissues is only part of the problem facing researchers. They also need to find out whether the RNA has reached its intended target. Anna Moore, a radiologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, is well aware of the issue. "There was no way to use a clinical imaging modality to see the delivery of siRNA," she says.
When researchers want to see whether an siRNA has been reached a particular tissue, they usually perform histological analysis followed by reverse transcription PCR to see whether the target gene was silenced. "You can do this with mice, but when you move on to humans it becomes impractical," Moore says.
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