基础医学术语

一、词干（Stems or Roots):

1、肌肉骨骼系统（Musculoskeletal System)：
cranium 头盖 头盖骨 头骨 颅骨 头颅 颅
cervical vertebrae 颈椎
humerus 肱部 肱骨
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎
radius 桡骨
ulna 尺骨
pelvis 骨盆
femur 股骨
patella 髌骨
fibula 腓骨
tibia 胫骨

Osteo是表示“骨”的词干，osteoarthritis表示骨关节炎

Arthro表示关节，Arthrodesis关节融合术

Chondro软骨  chondritis软骨炎

Myelo骨髓  myelitis骨髓炎
 
Myo肌肉  myospasm肌痉挛

Tendo肌腱  tendinitis腱炎

Costo肋骨  intercostal肋间的

2、表皮系统（Integumentary System）：
dermis:真皮
blood vessel:血管
nerve ending:神经末稍
epidermis:表皮
hair shaft:毛干
sebaceous gland and duct:皮脂腺和腺管
sweat gland and duct:汗腺和腺管
arrector pili muscle:立毛肌
hair follicle:毛囊
fat:脂肪

Derma皮肤  dermatophytosis皮肤癣菌病
Onycho甲  onychectomy甲切除术

3、呼吸系统（Respiratory System):
Pharynx：咽
Larynx：喉
Tonsil:扁桃腺
Trachea：气管
Pleural Cavity:胸膜腔
Lung:肺
Rib:肋骨
Intercostal Space:肋间隙
Bronchi:支气管
Mediastinum:纵隔
Diaphragm:膈

Rhino、Naso鼻  rhinitis鼻炎
Laryngo喉的  laryngoscopy喉镜检查
Tracheo气管  tracheitis气管炎
Broncho支气管  bronchitis支气管炎
Pulmo、Pneumo肺  pulmonary肺部的  pneumonia肺炎
Pneumo气  pneumonemia空气栓塞
Pneo呼吸  pneodynamics呼吸动力学

4、消化系统(Digestive System):
mouth(oral complex):口
pharynx：咽
esophagus:食道
stomach：胃
liver:肝
pancreas:胰腺
small intestines:小肠
large intestines:大肠
rectum:直肠
anal canal:肛管
anus:肛门

stoma口  stomatitis口腔炎
lingua、glossa舌  glossitis舌炎  lingual语言的
dento、odonta牙齿  dentalgia齿痛
cheilo唇  cheiloplasty唇成形术
gingivo牙龈的  gingivitis龈炎
gastro胃的  gastrectomy胃切除术
entero肠的  gastroenteritis肠胃炎
duodeno十二指肠  duodenal十二指肠的
jejuno空肠  jejunectomy空肠切除术
ileo回肠  ileitis回肠炎
colo结肠  colostomy结肠造口术
procto直肠，肛门  proctitis直肠炎

5、消化系统附属器官（the Accessory Organs of Digestion):

hepato肝  hepatitis肝炎
cholecysto胆囊  cholecystectomy胆囊切除术
celio、abdomino腹部  celiectomy腹部器官切除术 迷走神经腹支切除术
laparo腹壁  laparotomy剖腹手术

6、心血管系统(Cardiovascular System):

common carotid artery: 颈总动脉
right subclavian artery：右锁骨下动脉
external jugular vein:颈外静脉
superior vena cava:上腔静脉
axillary artery:腋动脉
heart:心脏
brachial artery:肱动脉
inferior vena cava:下腔静脉
radial artery:桡动脉
ulnar artery:尺动脉
common iliac artery:髂总动脉
common iliac vein:髂总静脉
femoral artery:股动脉
cephalic vein:头静脉
brachial vein:肱静脉
thoracic aorta:胸主动脉
abdominal aorta:腹主动脉

cardio心  cardiovascular心血管的
angio血管  angiogram血管造影（照）片
phlebo静脉  phlebectomy静脉切除术
arterio动脉  arteriosclerosis动脉硬化
thrombo血栓  thrombophlebitis血栓性静脉炎

7、造血和淋巴系统（Hematopoietic and Lymphatic System):

right lymphatic duct:右淋巴导管
right subclavian vein:右锁骨下静脉
intercostal lymph nodes:肋间淋巴结
axillary lymph nodes:腋淋巴结
internal jugular vein:颈内静脉
jugular lymph nodes:颈淋巴结
left subclavian vein:左锁骨下静脉
left lymphatic(thoracic) duct:左淋巴导管（胸导管）
lymphatics:淋巴管 淋巴腺
cisterna chyli:乳糜管

cyto细胞  erythrocyte红细胞
hema、hemato血  hematoma血肿
lympho淋巴  lymphocyte淋巴细胞
spleno脾  splenectomy脾切除术
phago食  phagocyte吞噬细胞

8、内分泌系统(Endocrine System):

pineal:松果体
parathyroid glands:甲状旁腺
pituitary gland:垂体
thyroid gland:甲状腺
adrenal(suprarenal) gland:肾上腺
pancreatic islets:胰岛
ovary:卵巢
testis:睾丸
gonads:生殖腺

acro肢端、顶点  acromegaly肢端肥大症
gluco、glyco糖  glucosuria糖尿
adeno腺体  adenectomy腺切除术

9、神经系统及精神失常(Nervous System and Psychiatric Disorders):

cerebrum:大脑
brachial plexus:臂丛
cerebellum:小脑
spinal cord:脊髓
sacral plexus:骶丛
peripheral nerve:周围神经

neuro神经  polyneuritis多神经炎
cerebro、encephalo大脑、脑  encephalitis脑炎
psycho、mento精神、心理  psychology心理学
mania躁狂  pyromania纵火狂
phobia恐惧  hydrophobia恐水病
esthesia感觉  anesthesia麻醉

10、泌尿生殖系统(Genitourinary System):

kidney:肾
ureter:输尿管
bladder:膀胱
trigone of the bladder:膀胱三角区
prostate:前列腺
urethra:尿道

nephro、rena肾  nephrectomy肾切除术
uretero输尿管  ureteritis输尿管炎
cysto膀胱  cystitis膀胱炎
urethro尿道  urethritis尿道炎
orchio睾丸  orchiopexy睾丸固定术
uro、uria尿  urophobia排尿恐慌
lith石  nephrolithiasis肾结石

11、妇产科和女性生殖系统(Gynecology and Obstetrics,Female Reproductive System):

fallopian tube:输卵管
uterus:子宫
cervix:宫颈
vagina:阴道
rectum:直肠
ovary:卵巢
endometrium:子宫内膜
urinary bladder:膀胱
urethra:尿道

hystero、metro子宫  hysterectomy子宫切除术
oophoro卵巢  oophorectomy卵巢切除术
salpingo输卵管  salpingitis输卵管炎

12、感觉器官(Sensory Organs):

external ear:外耳
middle ear:中耳
middle ear cavity:中耳腔
auditory ossicles:听小骨
inner ear:内耳
osseous labyrinths:骨迷路
petrous bone:颞骨岩部
auricle:耳廓
external auditory meatus:外耳道
auditory tube:耳咽管
ciliary m.:睫状肌
canal of schlemm：罗杜二氏巩膜窦,施累姆管
conjunctiva:结膜
cornea:角膜
pupil:瞳孔
focal axis:焦轴
anterior chamber:前房
iris:虹膜
lens:晶状体
macula lutea:黄斑
vitreous body:玻璃体
blind spot:盲点
sclera:巩膜
choroid:脉络膜
retina:视网膜
fovea centralis:中央凹
optic nerve:视神经
posterior chamber:前房

oto耳  otoplasty耳成形术
tympano、myringo中耳  tympanoplasty鼓室成形术，中耳整复术
ophthalmo、oculo眼  ophthalmology眼科学
opto视力  optometrist验光师
blepharo眼睑  blepharitis睑炎
kerato角膜  keratitis角膜炎
dacryo泪  dacryocystitis泪囊炎

13、其他词干(Miscellaneous Stems):

pyo脓  pyogenic化脓的
lipo脂肪  lipoma脂肪瘤
febri发热  afebrile无热的
myco真菌  mycosis真菌病
necro死的  necropsy尸检
emesis呕吐  hyperemesis剧吐